They respond by mentioning that her kingdom is known for its might and inclination towards war, however that the command rests solely with her. The German libretto by Hermann Salomon Mosenthal sets a love triangle into the context of the Queen of Sheba 's visit to the court of King Solomon, recorded in First Kings 10:113 (largely copied in 2 Chronicles 9:112 ). The complaint continues to describe a work environment where minority employees were treated as second-class citizens, and alleges Palmore was subjected In a Coptic poem, queen Yesaba of Cush asks riddles of Solomon. Boccaccio writes she is the Queen of Ethiopia and Egypt, and that some people say she is also the queen of Arabia. National Geographic, issue mysteries of history, September 2018, p.45. permission is required to reuse all or part of the article published by MDPI, including figures and tables. Please note that the posts on The Blogs are contributed by third parties. positive feedback from the reviewers. [9][10], The use of the term iddot or 'riddles' (I Kings 10:1), an Aramaic loanword whose shape points to a sound shift no earlier than the sixth century B.C., indicates a late origin for the text. future research directions and describes possible research applications. [10][12] Early South Arabian trade with Mesopotamia involving wood and spices transported by camels is attested in the early ninth century B.C. Weba Many scholars believe that Sheba was located in southwest Arabia, in what is today the Republic of Yemen. ii. Al-Tabar and the Dynamics of tafsr: Theological Dimensions of a Legacy. Al-Hamdani, al-Hasan ibn Ahmad ibn Yaqb ibn Ysuf ibn Dwud. February 4. However, biblical texts record nothing of her family or people, any physical characteristics, nor where, precisely, Sheba is located. The Queen of Sheba was somewhere in the throng, gathering information through her own means. With much wailing, the procession left Jerusalem on a wind cart led and carried by the archangel Michael. According to legend, Ethiopia is the kingdom of the Biblical Queen of Sheba, mother of Menelek. 6. A wealthy kingdom, in all probability located in SW Arabia. It was especially known for its gold, perfumes, and incense. (1Ki 10:1, 2; Isa 60:6; Erstes und zweytes Flschchen: Sagen und Kunden des Morgenlandes aus arabischen, persischen und trkischen Quellen gesammelt BoD Books on Demand 9783861994862 p. 103 (German), Byrd, Vickie, editor; Queen of Sheba: Legend and Reality, (. Solomon gathered his nobles and announced that he would send his first-born son to Ethiopia together with their first-borns. The asnid of Ibn Abbs. It is not the goal of this paper to suggest that the Queen of Sheba is not Black. the African Sabaeans. Solomon informed her of her mistake and reprimanded her for her hairy legs. 2000. The Queen of Shebas visit to Solomon is one of the most famous diplomatic visits in the Bible, but we know very little about this powerful monarch. To Kill a Matriarchy. "Never again came such an abundance of spices" (10:10; II Chron. These include Job 1:15, which states that raiders from Sheba enslaved the people of Jobs household, as well as Psalm 72:10, which says kings from Sheba and Saba would offer tribute ( , ) to Israel. African Rewritings of the Jewish and Islamic Solomonic Tradition. 1994. She apparently ruled the Ethiopian kingdom for more than 50 years. 2012. The Queen of Sheba was somewhere in the throng, gathering information through her own means. [4], The Queen of Sheba (Hebrew: , romanized:Malka ,[5] in the Hebrew Bible; Koin Greek: , romanized:baslissa Sab, in the Septuagint;[6] Syriac: ;[7][romanization needed] Ge'ez: , romanized:Ngt Saba[8]), whose name is not stated, came to Jerusalem "with a very great retinue, with camels bearing spices, and very much gold, and precious stones" (I Kings 10:2). This is not always the case, as characters such as Saul, David, and Absalom are described as beautiful, with some attention to their bodies; Solomon and the Queen of Sheba, however, are not given this treatment within the context of Kings or Chronicles. It says that Solomon had troops made up of both humans and animals and that one day, as he reviewed his army, he saw that a hoopoe, a type of bird, was missing. For more information, please refer to Al-Tabaris ninth-century moment in the history of interpretation of the Queen of Sheba marks a tendency, picked up by later writers, to associate the Queen of Shebas Othered body with her lineage (inasmuch as the jinni assert that the Queens demonic lineage caused her to have donkey legs). Holding space for this uncertainty allows us to understand that later associations between the Queen of Sheba and specific locations do not evoke or occlude an obvious or natural connection, but rather make specific, historicizable claims which we can interrogate to better understand the process by which the Queen of Shebas Blackness became obvious (at least, to modern eyes). She came "to prove him with hard questions", which Solomon answered to her satisfaction. He wrote for a hostile audience of Romans, trying to convince them that Solomon was very important and made a huge impact on the world. The opinions, facts and any media content in them are presented solely by the authors, and neither The Times of Israel nor its partners assume any responsibility for them. It is a major task of this chapter to distinguish myth from history. Who [54] However, a jinn with knowledge of the Scripture instead has her throne moved to King Solomon's palace in the blink of an eye, at which King Solomon exclaims his gratitude towards God as King Solomon assumes this is God's test to see if King Solomon is grateful or ungrateful. bin al-akm, "Son of the Wise Man", later called Menilek). Please let us know what you think of our products and services. articles published under an open access Creative Common CC BY license, any part of the article may be reused without [61] According to E. Ullendorff, the Quran and its commentators have preserved the earliest literary reflection of her complete legend, which among scholars complements the narrative that is derived from a Jewish tradition,[3] this assuming to be the Targum Sheni. The references never articulate the geographic proximity (or lack thereof) of Sheba, nor is it associated with anything beyond material wealth, whether in the form of the wealth of the Queen of Sheba of Kings and Chronicles, the gold of the tribute mentioned in Psalms, or the raiders described in Job. Indeed, many Ethiopians understand themselves to be Habesha rather than Black. (Later Muslim religious commentators refer to her as Balqis.). "[65], The treatment of Solomon in literature, art, and music also involves the sub-themes of the Queen of Sheba and the Shulammite of the Song of Songs. In January 2020, Alma, a Jewish feminist digital platform, published a piece titled The Black Jewish Queen of Sheba You Probably Didnt Learn About in Hebrew School. Solomon returned to Jerusalem and gave orders to the priests to remain silent about the theft and to place a copy of the Ark in the Temple, so that the foreign nations could not say that Israel had lost its fame. Discourse and Historical Analysis: The Case of al-Tabars History of the Messengers and the Kings. He added that he was expecting a third son, who would marry the king of Rome's daughter and reign over Rome so that the entire world would be ruled by David's descendants. In case of abuse. Who is the Queen of Sheba? Its Ethiopians claiming her as one of their own. According to this text, ancient Sheba is in Ethiopia. 500. It says that during the Queen of Shebas visit with Solomon, she promised she would not take anything from his house without asking. In the Introduction to, The most important first millennium commentator who discusses the Queen of Shebas ancestry is Abu Jaafar al-Tabari, who discusses the Queen of Sheba in his, It is notable that the Queen of Sheba is not associated with Africa in the writings of al-Tabari but rather with Yemen, although, of course, Yemen is a short hop from the Horn of Africa across the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden and was at times controlled by Ethiopian polities. Global Consequences of Mistranslation: The Adoption of the Black but Forumulation in Europe, 14401600. The Inquisitor and the Mosoret: The Invention of Race in the European Middle Ages and the New English Colonialism in Jewish Historiography. This account has undergone extensive Jewish, Islamic, Yemenite[1][2] and Ethiopian elaborations, and it has become the subject of one of the most widespread and fertile cycles of legends in the Middle East. from the extremities of the then known world, to hear the wisdom of Solomon (Mt. After the boy had grown up in Ethiopia, he went to Jerusalem carrying the ring and was received with great honors. When he is 4 years old she sends him to Solomon, but the boy is abducted by the jealous Adonijah, who marches on Solomon but is repulsed by the queen's armies. This East In. No. When she lifts her clothes to keep them dry, he tells her shes mistaken. Editors Choice articles are based on recommendations by the scientific editors of MDPI journals from around the world. 2019. As noted at the opening of this section, at least one biblical writer portrayed Sheba as a location distinct from Saba, as Psalm 72:10 refers to kings of Sheba and Saba ( ) as two poetically parallel but separate locations. Please note that many of the page functionalities won't work as expected without javascript enabled. The Yoruba Ijebu clan of Ijebu-Ode, Nigeria, claim that she was a wealthy, childless noblewoman of theirs known as Oloye Bilikisu Sungbo. Some were wild, some were soft, some were tame, and some were fiery: Female dancers, male explorers, and the sexualization of blackness, 16001900. Solomon basically said, Gotcha, you promised you wouldnt take anything. The Queen then makes plans to visit him at his palace. The two that are genuine riddles are: "Without movement while living, it moves when its head is cut off", and "Produced from the ground, man produces it, while its food is the fruit of the ground". This paper uses the term racialization to describe the dynamic process by which the Queen of Sheba came to be understood as Black. [49][50], In Ashkenazi folklore, the figure merged with the popular image of Helen of Troy or the Frau Venus of German mythology. She was sired by Persian Gulf out of the Buen Ojo mare Ojala. 2019. [43] Josephus affirms that the Queen of Sheba or Saba came from this region, and that it bore the name of Saba before it was known by that of Meroe. Lowe, Kate. Who is the Queen of Sheba? On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Feature papers represent the most advanced research with significant potential for high impact in the field. 2020. WebThe Queen of Sheba and King Solomon are both referenced within the Christian, Hebrew, and Qur'anic (Koran) Biblical accounts (See Table of Nations (Genesis 10:7)). [9], Piero della Francesca's frescoes in Arezzo (c. 1466) on the Legend of the True Cross contain two panels on the visit of the Queen of Sheba to Solomon. [9], Sculptures of the Queen of Sheba are found on great Gothic cathedrals such as Chartres, Rheims, Amiens, and Wells. According to this text, ancient Sheba Probably the queen was originally from Marib, a settlement east of Sana, in present-day Yemen, which was the capital of ancient Saba. There are more complex literary and social dynamics at play that offer a window into the historical process of race-making as it intersects with the reception history of the Queen of Sheba. most exciting work published in the various research areas of the journal. Race? What is that really? We are all descendants of Noah and his wife. We are the human race. We all are different. Not two people from creation o In Christian iconography Solomon represented Jesus, and Sheba represented the gentile Church; hence Sheba's meeting with Solomon bearing rich gifts foreshadowed the adoration of the Magi. Do Involvement in Alcoholics Anonymous and Religiousness Both Directly and Indirectly through Meaning in Life Lead to Spiritual Experiences? So, he said this is an allegory about a spiritual union between Israel and the Gentile Church, as represented by the non-Israelite Queen of Sheba. Makeda stayed in the palace overnight, after Solomon had sworn that he would not do her any harm, while she swore in return that she would not steal from him. 2009. This article answers this question by mapping three first millennium textual moments that racialize the Queen of Sheba through attention to geography, skin color, and lineage in the writings of Origen of Alexandria, Flavius Josephus, and Abu Jaafar al-Tabari. Kaplan, Arielle. [45] This is explained to mean that she was a woman who was not in her position because of being married to the king, but through her own merit. As her name implies, the Queen of Sheba is thought to have come from either Sheba (Saba), a Scholars such as Sarah Pearce have argued that the rhetoric of the title downplays the history of racialized thinking that is visible in earlier non-European (particularly Islamicate Jewish and Arabic) texts: (. Subscribe to the monthly newsletter. WebQueen Of Sheba is a 1948 mare that was born in 1948. ii., 1085, Midrash ha-Hefez), more riddles to test his wisdom. This research received no external funding. The treatment of Solomon in literature, art, and music also involves the sub-themes of the Queen of Sheba and the Shulammite of the Song of Songs. She said, "My Lord, indeed I have wronged myself, and I submit with Solomon to God, Lord of the worlds. You are accessing a machine-readable page. Several emperors have stressed the importance of the Kebra Negast. In a letter, Solomon invites the Queen of Sheba, who like her followers had worshipped the sun, to submit to God. According to Josephus (Ant. WebThe pharaoh, Amrath's father, threatens war if they marry, and the Queen of Sheba returns with her newborn son to her own country. Soliman grows jealous of Adoniram, and when he learns of three craftsmen who wish to sabotage his work and later kill him, Soliman willfully ignores warnings of these plots. [10] Some Muslim commentators such as Al-Tabari, Al-Zamakhshari and Al-Baydawi supplement the story. Why do you think the Bible doesnt mention her skin color? Why do you think the Queen of Sheba continues to fascinate us? [71], Lopold Sdar Senghor's "Elgie pour la Reine de Saba", published in his Elgies majeures in 1976, uses the Queen of Sheba in a love poem and for a political message. on the borders of the Nile, penetrated into the Sudan, whence they went into the western parts of Abyssinia.[40]. In Ps. In the mid-third century (~260 CE), Origen wrote his. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. The Quran does not name the Queen, referring to her as "a woman ruling them" (Arabic: ),[58] the nation of Sheba.[59]. "[38] Despite the historic importance given to the Kebra Negast, there is still doubt to whether or not the Queen sat on the throne. It was the home of the biblical "Queen of Sheba", who is left unnamed in the Bible, but [47], The Alphabet of Sirach avers that Nebuchadnezzar was the fruit of the union between Solomon and the Queen of Sheba. There is insufficient information pertaining to the early life of Makeda. From the manuscript Bellifortis by Conrad Kyeser, ca. The woman visits Solomon in his palace, in a room which is made from glass tiles that she mistakes for water. The king and the people tried in vain to persuade him to stay. On the other hand, Sheba enthroned represented the coronation of the virgin. Editors select a small number of articles recently published in the journal that they believe will be particularly She asked him three (Targum Sheni to Esther 1:3) or, according to the Midrash (Prov. King Solomon, the king of the Israelites, had a great reputation in the ancient world as the wisest of all kings. This phrase has also been translated as I am Black, For an overview of the Origenist crises, see (, For more on Ibn Abbas in Tabari and ibn Kathir, see (, Al-Hamdani (d. 945), a fellow ninth- and tenth-century writer most famous for his geographic and historical account of Yemen, also repeats the claim that Bilqis was a member of the Yemeni royal family. WebUnraced as a 2-year-old, he broke his maiden in his second career start in 2016 to begin a seven-race win streak. However, the connection cannot be assumed. WebQueen Elizabeth II in an open carriage with Prince Philip London, England - June 13, 2015: Queen Elizabeth II in an open carriage with Prince Philip for trooping the colour 2015 to mark the Queens official birthday, London, UK queen of sheba stock pictures, royalty-free photos & images The remains of the palace of the queen of Sheba, dating back to the 10th century BC were discovered under the ruins of another building built by a later Christian king. According to some, he then married the Queen, while other traditions say that he gave her in marriage to a King of Hamdan. Later the Queen of Sheba is requested to enter a palatial hall. Vote. She was warmly welcomed, given a palace for dwelling, and received great gifts every day. [15] Furthermore, Sabaean tribes knew the title of mqtwyt ("high official", Sabaean: ). 2020. In this final thematic section, I will depart slightly from Hengs framework, which has proved so useful thus far. The Renaissance continuation of the analogy between the Queen's visit to Solomon and the adoration of the Magi is evident in the Triptych of the Adoration of the Magi (c. 1510) by Hieronymus Bosch. The most cogent argument against it at the moment is the dating. [18], Bible stories of the Queen of Sheba and the ships of Ophir served as a basis for legends about the Israelites traveling in the Queen of Sheba's entourage when she returned to her country to bring up her child by Solomon. She is portrayed as a vain woman who, fearing Solomon's great power, sends the captain of her royal guard to assassinate him, setting the events of the book in motion. I argue that texts that discuss the geographic location whence the Queen of Sheba came (whether Ethiopia, Egypt, or Yemen), her skin color, and her lineage are utilizing strategies of race-making to lay claim to the Solomonic past. That makes her really exciting for people to think about, especially in the modern period when were so hungry for models of powerful, self-assured women. The Invention of Race in the European Middle Ages, Routledge Handbook of People and Places of Ancient Western Asia, Indiana Jones and the Raiders of the Lost Ark, Kitb al-ikll min Ahbr al-Yaman wa-Ansb Himyar 1, Trkh al-abar: Trkh al-Rusul wa-al-Mulk, A Heritage of Holy Wood: The Legend of the True Cross in Text and Image, The Throne of Adulis: Red Sea Wars on the Eve of Islam, The Routledge Handbook of the Peoples and Places of Ancient Western Asia: The Near East from the Early Ronze Age to the Fall of the Persian Empire, Aksumite Christianity: The Sources and Their Limitations, Philadelphia Seminar on Christian Origins on Beyond Church Fathers: North Africa in the First Millennium, The Origenist Controversy: The Cultural Construction of an Early Christian Debate, A Cultural History of Race in the Renaissance and Early Modern Age, Juifs et Chrtiens En Arabie aux Ve et VIe Sicles, The Curse of Ham: Race and Slavery in Early Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, Aksum and Nubia: Warfare, Commerce, and Political Fictions in Ancient Northeast Africa, Noahs Curse: The Biblical Justification of American Slavery, The Invention of Race in the Euorpean Middle Ages, Demonizing the Queen of Sheba: Boundaries of Gender and Culture in Postbiblical Judaism ina dMedieval Islam, Memory in a Time of Prose: Studies in Epistemology, Hebrew Scribalism, and the Biblical Past, Religion, Ethnicity, and Xenophobia in the Bible, The African Journal of Gender and Religion, Ancient South Arabia: From the Queen of Sheba to the Advent of Islam, Insights from African American Interpretaion, International Journal of Ethiopian Studies, African Americans and the Bible: Sacred Texts and Social Textures, Help us to further improve by taking part in this short 5 minute survey, Called by Beauty: Paul Ricoeurs (Late) Liturgical Turn, The Creation of Adam and the Biblical Origins of Race in. is only figurative: it is not meant that Solomon fell into idolatry, but that he was guilty of failing to restrain his wives from idolatrous practises (Shab. Stinchcomb explained how those texts gave rise to the queen we know today. Political Theory and Ideology in the Kebra Nagast: Old Testament Judaism, Roman-Byzantine Politics, and Ethioipian Orthodoxy. ", The story of the Queen of Sheba in the Quran shares some similarities with the Bible and other Jewish sources. Visit our dedicated information section to learn more about MDPI. King Solomon and the Queen of Sheba was not a common subject until the 12th century. Gilliot, Claude. It appears in the bronze doors to the Florence Baptistery by Lorenzo Ghiberti, in frescoes by Benozzo Gozzoli (Campo Santo, Pisa) and in the Raphael Loggie (Vatican). Solomon gives her gifts, and then she goes back on her way. 2021. Multiple requests from the same IP address are counted as one view. In the 14th century (?) Le Kebra Negast thiopien. Stinchcomb, J. rob3rt.online. [9], The ancient Sabaic Awwm Temple, known in folklore as Maram ("the Sanctuary of") Bilqs, was recently excavated by archaeologists, but no trace of the Queen of Sheba has been discovered so far in the many inscriptions found there. 2020. She mainly represents an outsider figure visiting Solomon and confirming to readers that the King is as great as the rest of the narrative has been trying to tell us. Yes, its a rare text from the ancient period where we get someone saying that the Queen of Sheba is one of us, rather than one of them. Jaffer, I. E. 2007. Web(1) The queen of Sheba.--The name "Sheba" must be distinguished from Seba, or Saba (which begins with a different Hebrew letter), (a) The name Seba denotes a Cushite race (Genesis 10:7), connected, in Isaiah 43:3; Isaiah 45:14, with Egypt and Cush, and named with Sheba ("the kings of Sheba and Seba")in the Psalm of Solomon (Psalm 72:10).Seba Web(1) The queen of Sheba. WebDie Knigin von Saba (The Queen of Sheba) is an opera in four acts by Karl Goldmark.The German libretto by Hermann Salomon Mosenthal sets a love triangle into the context of the Queen of Sheba's visit to the court of King Solomon, recorded in First Kings 10:113 (largely copied in 2 Chronicles 9:112).The plot centres on a love triangle not found in the Bible Incorrect password. Makada or Makueda, the personal name of the queen in Ethiopian legend, might be interpreted as a popular rendering of the title of mqtwyt. [25], The story of Solomon and the queen was popular among Copts, as shown by fragments of a Coptic legend preserved in a Berlin papyrus. In order to be human-readable, please install an RSS reader. How did this association between the Queen of Sheba and Blackness become naturalized? Marlowe, Christopher; Doctor Faustus and other plays: Oxford World Classics, p. 155. official chronicle of the Ethiopian monarchy, Learn how and when to remove these template messages, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Queen of Sheba - Treasures from Ancient Yemen", "Women's inscriptions recently discovered by the AFSM at the Awm temple/Maram Bilqs in Marib, Yemen", "Snakes and Sacrifices: Tentative Insights into the Pre-Christian Ethiopian Religion", "The Cultural Unity of Negro Africa": A Reappraisal Cheikh Anta Diop Opens Another Door to African History, by John Henrik CLARKE, "Ancient History in depth: The Queen Of Sheba", "BBC - History - Ancient History in depth: The Queen Of Sheba", "Archaeologists find clues to Queen of Sheba in Nigeria, Find May Rival Egypts's Pyramids", The Warburg Institute Iconographic Database, "Web Gallery of Art, searchable fine arts image database", "The Arabic Constituents of Africanit: Senghor and the Queen of Sheba", Current Ummah of Islam (Ummah of Muhammad), ibn Abdullah ibn Abdul-Muttalib ibn Hashim, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Queen_of_Sheba&oldid=1141913270, Instances of Lang-gez using second unnamed parameter, Articles containing Koin Greek-language text, Articles containing Sabaean-language text, Articles containing Ancient Egyptian-language text, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Instances of Lang-el using second unnamed parameter, Articles with trivia sections from May 2017, Articles needing additional references from May 2017, All articles needing additional references, Articles with multiple maintenance issues, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2017, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Leila, the Queen of Sheba (1981), song by, The Original Queen of Sheba (1991), song by, "Makeda" (1998), French R&B by Chadian duo, Bulletin of American Schools of Oriental Research 143 (1956) 610; 145 (1957) 2530; 151 (1958) 916, Mother Abiona or Amtelai the daughter of Karnebo. Its also a great story and a fun read. She originally came from the Kingdom of Axum! Kingdom of Aksum - Wikipedia [ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Aksum ] Also her name is actu Her legendary voyage to meet Solomon, King of Israel, has inspired centuries of speculation about her kingdom and influence in the ancient world. She looks around at his house, sees how wonderful it is, and offers praise. The aim is to provide a snapshot of some of the [37], Historians believe that the Solomonic dynasty actually began in 1270 with the emperor Yekuno Amlak, who, with the support of the Ethiopian Church, overthrew the Zagwe dynasty, which had ruled Ethiopia since sometime during the 10th century. The writing of Origen of Alexandria, Flavius Josephus, and Abu Jaafar al-Tabari are given special attention as the earliest sources that explicitly discuss these themes. Then Baina-lekem was anointed king by Zadok the high priest, and he took the name David. Her visit appears in religious texts sacred to Jews, Christians and Muslims, however, her name was never mentioned. Intriguingly, Ethiopians are described as Black in the. [. When the bird came back, it said it had been in this land where they worship the sun and the ruler is a woman. The author praises the Queen for secular and religious wisdom and lists her besides Christian and Hebrew prophetesses as first on a list of dignified female pagans. Re-Reading for Liberation. Constantly in conflict with priests and high lords of her kingdom, she longs for love but fears that she may lose her throne if she chooses the wrong man. She is explicitly ascribed great wisdom ("Balkis, almost as wise as the Most Wise Suleiman-bin-Daoud"); nevertheless, Kipling perhaps implies in her a greater wisdom than her husband, in that she is able to gently manipulate him, the afrits and djinns he commands, the other quarrelsome 999 wives of Suleimin-bin-Daoud, the butterfly of the title and the butterfly's wife, thus bringing harmony and happiness for all. Shah, Musftafa. One of the last of Handels many oratorios, Solomon is rarely performed in its entirety, but Handels bright and lively The Arrival of the Queen of Sheba interlude In the Bible, the Queen of Sheba is a rare non-Israelite woman who is not defined by her marital or sexual relationship with an Israelite man but rather by her desire In. [12], Although there are still no inscriptions found from South Arabia that furnish evidence for the Queen of Sheba herself, South Arabian inscriptions do mention a South Arabian queen (mlkt, Ancient South Arabian: .mw-parser-output .script-Cprt{font-size:1.25em;font-family:"Segoe UI Historic","Noto Sans Cypriot",Code2001}.mw-parser-output .script-Hano{font-size:125%;font-family:"Noto Sans Hanunoo",FreeSerif,Quivira}.mw-parser-output .script-Latf,.mw-parser-output .script-de-Latf{font-size:1.25em;font-family:"Breitkopf Fraktur",UnifrakturCook,UniFrakturMaguntia,MarsFraktur,"MarsFraktur OT",KochFraktur,"KochFraktur OT",OffenbacherSchwabOT,"LOB.AlteSchwabacher","LOV.AlteSchwabacher","LOB.AtlantisFraktur","LOV.AtlantisFraktur","LOB.BreitkopfFraktur","LOV.BreitkopfFraktur","LOB.FetteFraktur","LOV.FetteFraktur","LOB.Fraktur3","LOV.Fraktur3","LOB.RochFraktur","LOV.RochFraktur","LOB.PostFraktur","LOV.PostFraktur","LOB.RuelhscheFraktur","LOV.RuelhscheFraktur","LOB.RungholtFraktur","LOV.RungholtFraktur","LOB.TheuerbankFraktur","LOV.TheuerbankFraktur","LOB.VinetaFraktur","LOV.VinetaFraktur","LOB.WalbaumFraktur","LOV.WalbaumFraktur","LOB.WeberMainzerFraktur","LOV.WeberMainzerFraktur","LOB.WieynckFraktur","LOV.WieynckFraktur","LOB.ZentenarFraktur","LOV.ZentenarFraktur"}.mw-parser-output .script-en-Latf{font-size:1.25em;font-family:Cankama,"Old English Text MT","Textura Libera","Textura Libera Tenuis",London}.mw-parser-output .script-it-Latf{font-size:1.25em;font-family:"Rotunda Pommerania",Rotunda,"Typographer Rotunda"}.mw-parser-output .script-Lina{font-size:1.25em;font-family:"Noto Sans Linear A"}.mw-parser-output .script-Linb{font-size:1.25em;font-family:"Noto Sans Linear B"}.mw-parser-output .script-Ugar{font-size:1.25em;font-family:"Segoe UI Historic","Noto Sans Ugaritic",Aegean}.mw-parser-output .script-Xpeo{font-size:1.25em;font-family:"Segoe UI Historic","Noto Sans Old Persian",Artaxerxes,Xerxes,Aegean}). 10th century BCE)known also as Bilqis and as Makedafigures prominently in Judaic, Islamic, and Ethiopian traditions. 2014. Reed, Justin.